As many know, I work one-on-one with adolescents and adults, offering online and in-person therapy. My work fills me with purpose and gratitude. I am fortunate to have a career that brings me joy rather than Sunday night dread. Thanks to a good friend who encouraged me to pursue a counselling and psychotherapy course y I found this path, and I’ll always be thankful to JQ.
Working in therapy is a privilege. I’m invited into people’s inner worlds as they navigate challenges, uncover strengths and make sense of their lives. However, I never claim to be an expert on anyone else’s life. Or an expert at all! I’m not a medic or a guru. My role is to listen, ask thoughtful questions and help people untangle the complexities of their minds and experiences. And truthfully, I learn just as much from my clients/patients as they do from me. Each day offers new insights, whether factual or simply fascinating.
In therapy, family dynamics often arise as a significant theme. Many people have experienced adoption, foster care, or the ripple effects of intergenerational trauma. For others, strained or unconventional family relationships shape their worldview and emotional responses. While family connections can be messy and challenging, they also hold potential for deep healing and growth. If repairing family ties is impossible, forming new, meaningful bonds with friends can bring similar support.
Lately, I’ve noticed a growing interest in attachment styles among my clients, many of whom have explored online resources to better understand their relationship dynamics. They are curious about how childhood experiences shaped their current approach to intimacy, trust/mistrust and conflict. Some wonder why they feel stuck in patterns of pursuing closeness while simultaneously pushing partners away. Relationships, while fulfilling, can also be profoundly complex and, at times, frustrating. When someone hasn’t experienced consistent love or reassurance in childhood, forming healthy attachments as an adult can be and feel quite daunting. This is where therapy can help – it provides a safe, objective space to explore various patterns and work towards meaningful change.
Attachment styles help us make sense of our patterns. Secure attachment, often seen as the ideal, is characterised by honesty, emotional closeness and balanced dependence. People with secure attachments thrive in relationships and also independently. They can regulate their emotions, maintain self-confidence and support their partners’ growth. It’s no wonder so many of us aspire to secure attachment.
This post focuses on fearful-avoidant attachment, also known as disorganised attachment. This attachment style is particularly complex because it’s paradoxical. People with this pattern crave intimacy and connection but also fear and distrust it. This inner conflict often creates a push-pull dynamic: “I want you close; now you’re too close; too much for me; now I need you again…” Such cycles make it difficult to establish stability or trust in relationships.
Fearful-avoidant attachment often develops from early experiences of trauma, neglect, or inconsistent caregiving. These experiences leave lasting imprints, including difficulty trusting others and a fear of vulnerability. People with this attachment style can struggle to express their needs, fearing rejection or criticism. As a result, needs frequently go unmet, reinforcing feelings of loneliness and unworthiness (yet again, further contradiction).
Emotionally, fearful-avoidant individuals may experience heightened anxiety, mood swings, and difficulty regulating emotions. Cognitively, they might internalise feelings of inadequacy, believing they are undeserving of love or support. These beliefs can lead to behaviours that distance them from others, perpetuating a cycle of isolation and mistrust.
While living with fearful-avoidant attachment presents challenges, it’s important to remember that attachment styles are not fixed. People can move towards a more secure attachment style with self-awareness, support, and intentional effort.
Therapy offers a safe and structured environment to explore the origins of fearful-avoidant attachment. Trauma-informed approaches can help individuals process unresolved feelings, develop healthier relational patterns, and learn to trust others. Through therapy, clients gain the tools to articulate their needs and explore boundaries that foster safety and connection.
Mindfulness and journaling are valuable practices for enhancing emotional awareness. These tools help people identify triggers and respond thoughtfully rather than reacting impulsively. Building trust through small, low-stakes interactions reinforces the idea that relationships can be safe and supportive.
Surrounding oneself with emotionally available and consistent people is equally crucial. Healthy relationships provide reassurance that intimacy does not have to equate to pain or rejection. Setting and respecting boundaries within relationships creates a sense of control and emotional safety, allowing people to engage without feeling overwhelmed.
Practising open communication strengthens relationships further. Small statements like “I felt anxious when…” or “I appreciate your support” can foster more profound understanding and emotional intimacy. Self-compassion also plays a pivotal role in breaking the cycle of fearful-avoidant attachment. People can counteract feelings of shame and self-criticism by treating themselves with kindness and recognising that healing is a process. Accepting slow progress is vital. This is not as simple as reading a book and being securely attached. . . .if only it were that easy!
Awareness of relational patterns is the first step towards making changes. By recognising tendencies to withdraw or cling, people can pause, reflect and choose new responses that align with their goals. Progress may be gradual, but each tiny baby step in the right direction – whether it’s opening up to someone or managing emotions more effectively – is worth celebrating. They’re the little wins that keep us motivated to continue forward.
Breaking the cycle of fearful-avoidant attachment is not easy, but it’s possible. We can all shift towards secure attachment with professional guidance, supportive relationships, and a commitment to self-care. This transformation improves relationships and fosters a deeper sense of self-worth and emotional resilience.
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References
Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.). (2016). Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications (3rd ed.). Guilford Publications.
Fraley, R. C., & Shaver, P. R. (2000). Adult romantic attachment: Theoretical developments, emerging controversies, and unanswered questions. Review of General Psychology, 4(2), 132–154. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.4.2.132
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics, and Change. Guilford Press.
Siegel, D. J. (2012). The Developing Mind: How Relationships and the Brain Interact to Shape Who We Are (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for identifying infants as disorganised/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the Preschool Years: Theory, Research, and Intervention (pp. 121–160). University of Chicago Press.
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